Vaginal Prolapse in Small Ruminants
Vaginal prolapse is a common condition in small ruminants, particularly in late-gestation ewes and does, due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, hormonal changes, and genetic predisposition.
Predisposing Factors
- Hormonal excesses and imbalances
- Hypocalcemia
- Twins or triplets
- Fat condition
- Thin condition
- Inadequate exercise
- Short tail docking
- Bulky food
- Excess dietary fibre
- Dietary estrogens and their precursors
- Sloping terrain
- Vaginal irritation
- Previous dystocia
- Inherited predisposition
Antepartum Vagino Cervical Prolapse
Initially, the pink mucosa of the vagina may be noticed protruding slightly between the lips of the vulva in a ewe lying down, only to disappear from view when she stands up.
Later, the vagina fails to return to its normal position when the ewe stands and the prolapse progresses until the vagina is completely everted and the cervix is visible.
Initially the vaginal mucosa is pink, moist and smooth but, if not treated, the vagina becomes swollen, edematous and congested.
After prolonged exposure, the dried vaginal mucosa becomes rough and haemorrhagic and gangrene may develop. Straining becomes a feature of the condition.
Postpartum Vagino Cervical Prolapse
Occasionally presented as a flock problem. While most cases occur within a few hours of lambing, cases may occur up to 15 days post partum.
Uterus is involved in the prolapse and its exposed surface is readily traumatized. Most affected ewes die from hemorrhage and shock within few hours.
Treatment
- Administer low caudal epidural anesthesia
- Reduce and reposition the prolapsed mass
- Retain using either plastic retainer or Buhner’s purse string sutures using monofilament nylon
