Veterinary Gynaecology

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in mares (female horses) are done by rectal palpation, Ultrasonography, laboratory methods, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (Cyesiognosis) in cows done by various methods like external appearance, rectal examination and palpation, laboratory methods, fetal echocardiography, etc.

Seasonal breeding is observed in horses, sheep, goats, deer, bears. It is strategy where animals mate and give birth during specific times.

Gonadal hormones in animals primarily produced by the testes in males and ovaries in females, play a crucial role in regulating reproductive functions, secondary sexual characteristics, and overall physiological balance.

Prostaglandins in animals are lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid that play roles in various physiological processes in animals.

Estrogen is an important hormone in animals, primarily involved in reproductive functions and various physiological processes. Estrogen is derived from androgens.

Placental hormones are important in reproduction for maintaining pregnancy, supporting fetal development, and preparing the maternal body for parturition and lactation.

The endocrine system plays an important role in regulating reproductive functions through the coordinated actions of hormones secreted by various glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads, and placenta.

Hormones play a important role in regulating the female reproductive system, ensuring proper development, ovulation, and fertility.

Hormone assay in dogs for estrus detection involves measuring key reproductive hormones, primarily progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), to determine the optimal breeding time.