Pregnancy toxemia in sheep is multi factorial disorder of energy metabolism. Hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia are the primary metabolic disturbances in pregnancy toxemia.

Bovine Ketosis is a multifactorial disorder of energy metabolism. Negative energy balance results in hypoglycemia, ketonemia (the accumulation in blood of acetoacetate, β- hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and their decarboxylation products acetone and isopropanol) and ketonuria.

Downer cow syndrome (DCS) is a complication of the recumbency associated with milk fever but not limited to. A delay of 4 hour or more in that treatment of cows with milk fever may result in ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the pelvic limbs and further complication that make animal recumbent with disorders for unlimited period of time.

Hypocalcemia in Sows Sows (female pigs) are occasionally suffered with hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia in sow develops MMA complex (Mastitis, Metritis, Agalactia).

Hypocalcemia in Ewes and Does Hypocalcemia in ewes and does is less common production disease. Etiology Risk Factors and Disease

Eclampsia in Bitches Eclampsia in bitches also known as puerperal tetany, milk fever or hypocalcemia in bitches (female dogs). Eclampsia

Lactation Tetany of Mares Lactation tetany of mares also known as eclampsia and transport tetany in mares (female horses). Lactation

Milk Fever in Cows Milk fever in cows is also known as Parturient paresis or Hypocalcaemia. It is a metabolic