The carpal bones in Ox consists of six bones arranged in two rows – four in the proximal and two in the distal rows. The carpals are arranged in the following pattern in domestic animals

Ulna bone is a long bone and longer than the radius. It situated on the posterolateral aspect of the radius. It is fused with the radius in the adult, except at the two inter-osseous spaces above and below

The radius is the larger and shorter of the two bones of the forearm. It is a long bone placed obliquely downward between the elbow joint above and the carpal joint below. It consists of a shaft and two extremities

Humerus bone of ox, sheep and goats, horse, Pig, Dog, rabbit and fowl is a long bone placed obliquely downward and backward between the shoulder joint above and the elbow joint below.

Scapula of Ox is flat, triangular bone, situated on the antero-lateral aspect of the thorax and directed obliquely downward and forward. The clavicle is absent. It is connected to the axial skeleton only by muscles. It has two surfaces, three borders and three angles.

The bones present in each species of animal represent modifications from a common pattern as part of evolutionary changes the species or group has undergone.

The bones are highly vascular connective tissue. The bone is supplied with blood externally on the surface and internally on the lining of the medullary cavity.

The surface of the bones presents a number of features in the form of prominences, depressions, perforations etc. These may be articular (forming joints with corresponding articular areas of another bone) or non-articular furnishing attachment to muscles, tendons and ligaments.

Calcium phosphorous, vitamin D, vitamin C, Alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone of pituitary, thyroid hormone and vitamin A are the factors influencing the development and growth of bones.