Infertility due to acquired abnormalities in animals like lesions of various reproductive organs and affection of accessory glands.

Anatomical factors affecting fertility are congenital anomalies, freemartinism, segmental aplasia, white heifer disease, etc.

Infertility in the cows denotes a degree of reduced fertility which results in failure to produce or delay in producing the annual live calf.

Cystic Ovaries or Cystic Ovarian Degeneration is refers to the development of fluid-filled structures within or on the ovaries, which can disrupt normal reproductive function in animals.

Repeat breeding syndrome is one of the most important problems the veterinarian faces in the field. The cows are apparently normal and give no clue to the cause.

Anestrus in cows either because she has not come into estrus (non-cycling) or because oestrus was not detected (cycling).

There are different clinical methods of pregnancy diagnosis in farm animals (cattle and buffalo, sheep and goats, horses, and pigs) are used.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in cats (queen cats) is done by physical and behavioural changes, abdominal palpation, ultrasonography, radiography, hormone testing, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in female dogs (bitches) is done by signs, abdominal palpation, radiography, hormone assay, ultrasonography, etc.

Pregnancy diagnosis (cyesiognosis) in sheep and goats (ewes and does) done by external palpation, abdominal ballottement, recto-abdominal palpation (Hulet’s technique), radiography, ultrasonography, hormonal assays, etc.