TABLE OF CONTENTS

Mutation Operation

Mutation operation is defined as an operation by which a fetus is returned to a normal presentation, position, and posture by repulsion, rotation, version, and adjustment or extension of extremities.

Indication

Mutation operations are indicated in cases of dystocia caused by abnormal presentation, position, or posture of the fetus.

Instruments Used in Mutation Operation

The following obstetrical instruments assist in performing mutation operations safely and effectively:

Obstetrical Lubricant (Jelly or Liquid Paraffin)
Obstetrical Ropes or Snares
William’s Long Obstetrical Hook
Robert’s Sharp Single-Jointed Hook
Robert’s Short Sharp Eye Hook
Krey-Schottler Double-Jointed Hook
Obstetrical Chains and Handles
Kuhn’s Crutch Repeller
Schriever’s Snare Introducer
Eye Hooks
Obstetrical Gloves and Sleeves
Vaginal or Uterine Dilators

Repulsion, Rotation & Version

A Cow Fetus Need Mutation Operation in a Dystocia — *A mutation operation was required in a dystocia case to deliver a cow fetus*

Repulsion

Repulsion, sometimes called retropulsion, consists of pushing the fetus out of the maternal pelvis or birth canal into the abdominal cavity and uterus, where space is available for the fetus and its extremities.

In nearly all cases where repulsion is used, epidural anaesthesia is indicated, since repulsion frequently produces violent straining by the animal.

Rotation

Rotation is the turning of the fetus on its long axis to bring it into a dorsosacral position.

Version

Version is the rotation of the fetus on its transverse axis into an anterior or posterior presentation. This is done most often in mares with a transverse ventral presentation and, in rare cases, in cows, ewes, and bitches with a transverse presentation. Version is usually limited to 90°.

Extension and Adjustment of the Extremities

Extension and adjustment of the extremities is the correction of abnormal postures, usually due to the flexion of one or more extremities, causing dystocia.

Three basic mechanical principles are necessary to effect a prompt correction of a flexed extremity:

Repulsion of the proximal portion of the extremity
Lateral rotation of the middle portion of the extremity
Traction on the distal portion of the extremity