Manganese (Mn) Deficiency

Manganese (Mn) is required for cartilage and bone development, fertility, as an antioxidant, and in metabolism.

Etiology

• Primary– Geographical deficiency
• Secondary Excess Calcium, phosphorus will increase Manganese requirement. Grazing on deficient pasture without mineral mixture supplement

Pathogenesis

• Manganese plays vital role in bone matrix formation and synthesis of chondrotin sulfate, which is responsible for maintaining rigidity of connective tissue.
• Manganese deficiency affects skeletal abnormalities.

Clinical signs

• Cattle- Infertility is common
• Calves– Congenital limb abnormalities – all the limbs are shortened, knuckling over at fetlock, enlarged joint and twisting of the legs.
• Poor growth & Dry hair coat and loss of coat color

Diagnosis

• Manganese level in serum and liver
• No simple single test available to detect Manganese deficiency in animals.

Treatment

• Cow: 14 mg of Manganese per kg body weight on dry matter for 700 kg