Frontal bone of animals

Frontal bone of animals is a unpaired bone of skull, which located on the dorsal aspect of the skull and form the entire roof of the cranium.

Frontal bone of ox

The frontal bones are situated on the dorsal aspect of the skull and form the entire roof of the cranium. They are the largest of cranial bones. The characteristic appearance of the skull is largely due to the shape and size of the frontal bones. Each has a body or frontal part, an orbital plate and supra orbital processes.

Body of frontal bone

The external surface of the body presents the supra-orbital groove about the middle of which is foramen-the upper opening of the supra orbital canal.

The supra orbital groove marks the course of frontal vein.

The bone consists of two tables between which is large frontal sinus. The internal surface forms part of the cranial and nasal cavities.

It meets the parietal and at the junction, forms a central prominence-the frontal eminence (torus frontalis).

At its postero-lateral angle is a large conical process.

The horn core (flint or cornual process) is excavated to form part of the frontal sinus. The horn core varies greatly in size, length curvature in different animals and different breeds.

In the above figure of horn, you can easily see how frontal bone form the cornual process or horn core for the horn in animals.

The anterior end with its fellow form notch to receive the two nasal bones.

Orbital plate of frontal bone

Orbital plate of frontal bone forms the medical wall of the orbit. It presents the orbital opening of the supra-orbital canal.

Close to the posterior edge is the ethmoidal foramen. The medial surface meets the sphenoid and ethmoid.

Supra-orbital process of frontal bone

Supra-orbital process of frontal bone forms a part of the posterior rim of the orbit. Its medial face is related to the lacrimal gland.

 Supra-orbital process of frontal bone meets below the frontal process of the malar.

Frontal bone of Horse

Frontal bone of Horse is situated between the parietals behind and the nasals in front and are relatively smaller than in the ox.

The supra orbital foramen perforates the root of the supra orbital process, which joins the zygomatic process of squamous temporal.

The horn core is absent in case of horse. The inferior borders of the two bones form a projection, which fits into the notch formed by the two nasal bones.

Frontal bone of Dog

Frontal bone of dog is location and extent resembles that of the horse. The external surface is crossed by a frontal crest which extends as a curve from the parietal crest to the supra orbital process.

The frontal parts show central depression and slope downward and forward.

In front, there is a narrow nasal part, which fits in between the nasal bone and maxilla.

The supraorbital process is short and blunt and the orbital rim is incomplete.

The supraorbital foramen is absent and two ethmoidal foramina are present.

Frontal bone of Fowl

Frontal bone of Fowl is the largest bone of the cranium. It consists of a body and orbital plate.