Conservation of Wild Life

Conservation of Wild Life is the management of human use of biosphere with an ultimate aim of yielding the greatest sustainable benefits to the present generation, while maintaining the potential to encounter the requirements and expectations of the future generation.

In nutshell, it can be said as the one that ensures continued survival by saving the wild animals from extinction and thereby protecting the habitats.

Conservation of Wild Life is different from preservation because it always aims the sustainable usage of the available resources in the environment.

International conventions

• United Nations Conference on the human environment in 1972.
• World Heritage Convention in 1972.
• Ramsar Convention in 1971.
• Migratory species Convention in 1979.
• World Conservation Strategy in 1980.
• United Nations Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in the Transboundary Context in 1991.

Eco-system

Eco-system is a mosaic of habitat patches. There is a special relationship between the different ecosystems existing in the wildlife regions. There are movements of organisms between different patches in the revolving world.

Ecosystem is to be understood that the movements in general occur among the wildlife species or organisms due to many reasons:

1. Movements for establishment of territories.
2. Search for feed resources.Movement due to water scarcity.
3. Movements due to the extreme climatic variations.
4. Search for proper shelter
5. Dispersal from areas with high population concentrations to less densely populated regions.
6. Pressure from hunting or frequent predator attack.
7. Movements due to hazards (acoustic injuries to dolphins, whales and dugongs)
8. Other reasons that are still to be clarified.

Threats to Eco-systems

Threats to Eco-systems have to be identified and sorted out with a proper understanding of multiple factors involved for this.

Followings are the examples for the identified threats in a wildlife region:

1. Alteration of major mineral or organic constituents of a system.
2. Removal of plantations or vegetations.
3. Prevention of naturally occurring events that disturb the cycles.
4. Introduction of pest species like goats.
5. Application of hazardous chemicals like pesticides or herbicides.
6. Changes in the major mineral or organic components of a system
7. Elimination of key-wild animal species like top predator (tiger).