Coagulant drugs
Coagulants are agents that promote coagulation of blood. Various coagulants used are Thromboplastin, Thrombin, Fibrinogen, Fibrin, Oxidized cellulose, Calcium alginate, and Absorbable gelatin sponge.
Coagulant drugs used in animals listed as-
- Thromboplastin
- Thrombin
- Fibrinogen
- Fibrin
- Oxidized cellulose
- Calcium alginate
- Absorbable gelatin sponge
- Other Blood Coagulants
Thromboplastin
Thromboplastin (thrombokinase) is produced naturally by platelets and damaged tissue. Commercial thromboplastin is an extract of cattle brain in normal saline. It is applied locally as a hemostatic in capillary oozing, in the treatment of epistaxis.
Thrombin
Thrombin is an enzyme, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin. Bovine thrombin is a powder supplied with suitable diluent. It is used in arresting capillary haemorrhage and in conjunction with fibrinogen or fibrin foam for this purpose.
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen is used in assisting the adhesion of grafts of skin and mucous membrane as a 2% solution.
Fibrin
Fibrin is available as fibrin foam in the form of strips of a fine white sponge. These strips are soaked in thrombin solution and placed over the site of hemorrhage or in the cavity. Coagulation occurs immediately.
Oxidized cellulose
Oxidized cellulose should be applied dry and when it swells forms a brown gelatinous mass which may take about 7 days or more to be absorbed.
Calcium alginate
Calcium alginate consists of calcium or a mixture of calcium and sodium alginates. It is an absorbable hemostatic.
Absorbable gelatin sponge
Absorbable gelatin sponge is prepared from gelatin and treated with formaldehyde, heated, whisked into a foam and freeze dried. This sponge is insoluble in water, but can be wetted. Miscellaneous local hemostatic include strong solution of ferric chloride, alum and tannic acid.
Other Blood Coagulants
- Fresh blood or plasma
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K1 (from plants, fat soluble) – Phytonadione
- Vitamin K2 (produced by bacteria) – Meanquinone
- Vitamin K3 – (i) Fat soluble – Menadione
- Water soluble – Menadione sodium bisulfite, Menadione sodium diphosphate
- Miscellaneous
- Fibrinogen
- Antihemophilic factor
- Tissue extract
- Adrenochrome monosemicarbazone
- Ruthin
- Ethamsylate