Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Induction of estrus in cows is a reproductive management practice used to stimulate and synchronize the oestrous cycle in non-cycling or anestrous cows.

Fungal diseases causing infertility in animals by invasion of the placenta and fetus is a frequent and consistent cause of abortion In cattle.

Viral diseases causing infertility in animals are bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), IBRT, Epivag, Blue tongue, Catarrhal vaginocavitis, Parinfluenza (PI3) virus abortion, Transmissible genital fibropapillomas, etc.

Protozoal diseases causing infertility in animals are Trichomoniasis, Neosporosis, Toxoplasmosis, Sarcocystosis, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Cryptosporidiosis, etc.

There is various infectious diseases causing infertility in animals like Campylobacteriosis, Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Listeriosis, etc.

Pyometra occurs in most cases as a sequel to chronic endometritis. As a result of the inflammation, the uterus ceases to produce or release the endogenous luteolysin.

Vaginitis in animals is the inflammation of the vagina. It is also known as Contagious vesicular vaginitis, vesicular exanthema or bull burn.

Endometritis in animals is characterized by inflammation of uterine mucosa. It is a common condition in cow. It occurs after 2 or 3 weeks of parturition, mostly in the post ovulatory period.